Fluorescence localization and tracking imaging with a spectral-splitting perovskite single-pixel detector

Image-guided surgery systems require precise fusion of fluorescence mapping and structural background imaging, yet current dual-camera system methods suffer from field-of-view misalignment and pixel offsets, risking millimeter-scale surgical errors. To address these challenges, we developed an fluorescence/background fusion single-pixel imaging system based on spectral-splitting perovskite photodetectors. By incorporating gradient-optimized wide-bandgap perovskite filter layers, the perovskite photodetector can achieve spectrally selective detection through efficient separation of 520 nm fluorescence signals (S1) from 450 nm backscattered light (S2). With a high signal suppression ratio (S1/S2) of 57 times of the optimized photodetector, the system achieves a low detection limit of 50 nmol/mL for sodium fluorescein aqueous solution. More importantly, the active single-pixel imaging architecture ensures perfect field-of-view and pixel-level consistency across multiple detectors’ images, eliminating the need for complex registration algorithms or sophisticated dual-optical path designs. Finally, through in murine tumor experiments, we achieved precise real-time fluorescence-labeled tumor localization and tracking imaging, demonstrating the reliability of our developed system in fluorescence/background fusion imaging. This provides a fluorescence-targeting approach for medical imaging, demonstrating the utility of single-pixel imaging in advanced diagnostics. In this paper, a perovskite-based single-pixel imaging system is developed that simultaneously captures fluorescence and background images with perfect alignment, enabling real-time tumor localization and tracking in mice without complex registration algorithms.