AI no longer a speculative technology but an operational reality: CJI Surya Kant

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Artificial intelligence is no longer a speculative technology but an operational reality and poses one of the most significant tests for international law, Chief Justice of India Surya Kant has said, underlining that choices made during this decade will shape the future relationship between technology, power, freedom, and justice. He also stressed that technology itself is neither inherently benevolent nor inherently harmful.

Speaking at a public lecture in Birkbeck College of University of London on "Artificial Intelligence and International Law", he said unlike previous technological revolutions, AI does not merely enhance human capacity; it increasingly participates in decision-making processes that were historically considered uniquely human.

"Technology itself is neither inherently benevolent nor inherently harmful. Its impact depends upon the legal, political, and ethical frameworks within which societies choose to deploy it. The responsibility of law, therefore, is neither to resist technological progress nor to surrender unquestioningly before it. Its responsibility is to ensure that technological power remains accountable to constitutional values, democratic legitimacy, and human dignity," he said.

CJI Kant said that AI is reshaping governance, commerce, warfare, communication, public administration, and increasingly, the exercise of judicial and sovereign power itself.

"Governments now utilise algorithmic systems to allocate welfare benefits, assess immigration applications, monitor borders, regulate financial systems, and support policing functions. Militaries are rapidly developing autonomous capabilities. Courts across jurisdictions are beginning to confront questions involving AI-generated evidence, automated decision-making, and digital due process. Private corporations possess technological capacities that rival, and in some instances exceed, the informational reach of sovereign States," he said.

“Artificial intelligence poses one of the most significant test