Marine carbon dioxide removal: Our next ocean science, policy and governance frontier?
We have crossed a carbon-climate threshold. The global average temperature is breaching 1.5°C of warming above pre-industrial levels as a sustained reality. The Paris Agreement ‘s most ambitious guardrail, once described as a target to strive towards, is now a line we are crossing. The question is no longer how to avoid overshoot but how to minimise it and whether we can chart a credible climate-restoration course that will involve clawing back CO 2 emitted beyond the 1.5°C t
The planet has surpassed the critical 1.5°C warming threshold, making net-zero emissions alone insufficient to stabilize the climate. Scientists emphasize the urgent need for active carbon dioxide removal (CDR) alongside emission reductions to mitigate and potentially reverse warming. While land-based CDR methods like reforestation are important, they face limitations due to finite resources and risks of impermanence, such as fires and soil carbon release.
Attention is now shifting to the ocean, a vast carbon sink that already absorbs a significant portion of human-caused CO2 and heat. Marine carbon dioxide removal (mCDR) represents a new frontier, exploring deliberate interventions to boost the ocean's natural capacity for capturing and storing atmospheric carbon.
Understanding and developing marine carbon dioxide removal is crucial as it may offer a scalable solution to address the climate crisis beyond the limitations of land-based approaches.
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